[Oral Presentation]Explosion characteristic and hazards of battery thermal runaway gas induced by venting structures of energy storage container

Explosion characteristic and hazards of battery thermal runaway gas induced by venting structures of energy storage container

ID：380 View Protection：ATTENDEE Updated Time：2024-05-20 14:55:28 Hits：532 Oral Presentation

Start Time：2024-05-31 14:00 （Asia/Shanghai）

Duration：20min

Session：[S5] Smart Energy and Clean Power Technology » [S5-2] Afternoon of May 31st

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Abstract

With the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage industry, energy storage container as a new type of container for loading and transporting lithium-ion battery equipment, its application range is gradually extensive. However, the increasing occurrence of thermal runaway gas explosion accidents has become the main bottleneck restricting the safe and healthy development of containerized energy storage system. To further clarify the risk characteristics of thermal runaway explosion of batteries in an ESS container, this paper takes a typical battery storage container as the research object and builds a simulation model of thermal runaway constrained detonation of batteries in an ESS container with the help of computational fluid dynamics technology. An interesting numerical analysis is carried out on the dynamics of gas constrained detonation induced by multiple pressure relief conditions. The results show that when the ignition is on the side, only the other side of the container outside the obvious external explosion overpressure is found, and the ignition end shows an obvious trend of overpressure reduction. The above phenomenon shows that the side ignition will induce a strong external explosion in the outdoor environment of the other end, thus increasing the difference between the overpressure of the explosion at both ends of the container. When the ignition position is ①, the maximum overpressure on the left and right sides of the container can reach 20.46kPa and 39.07kPa. Due to the occurrence of external explosion, the peak overpressure on the right side increases by 90%, which elevates the level of light injury to moderate injury. When the ignition position is ③, the maximum overpressure on the left and right sides of the container can reach 41.28kPa and 12.29kPa. Due to the occurrence of external explosion, the peak overpressure on the left side increases by 236%, raising the level of no damage to moderate damage. When the central location is ignited, the external explosion waves outside the two sides of the container almost simultaneously propagate to the interior, which can simultaneously block the burst outlet, resulting in the high pressure and high temperature gas inside the box cannot be released to the outside, and the pressure rises, so the peak P_ext caused by the external explosion can be obviously observed. In summary, ignition near the middle of the container will induce synchronous blockage of pressure relief structures on both sides, resulting in the formation of a more complex overpressure peak structure. The research results provide an important reference for potential thermal runaway explosion disaster prevention and control design of batteries.

Keywords

Energy storage system container; Explosion-venting evolution; External explosion; Numerical simulation

Speaker

Qianran Hu

Beijing Institute of Technology